2008, Charles R. Peters, et al., 3: Paleoecology of the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem, A. R. E. Sinclair, Craig Packer, Simon A. R. Mduma, John M. Fryxell (editors, Serengeti III: Human Impacts on Ecosystem Dynamics, page 77,
By the late Holocene, most archaeological sites in the central Rift Valley display a significant pastoralist occupation and are dominated by cattle and caprines, while others preserve an abundant wild grassland fauna with substantial numbers of cattle and caprines (Gifford, Isaac, and Nelson 1980).

For instance, the graph of the Early Bronze Age sites shows that the relative frequency of caprines in regions 1, 2, and 3 does not differ significantly.

Middle seventh-millennium BC domesticated caprines near the Red Sea coast may be introductions from across the Red Sea or along its coastal margins from the north (Vermeersch et al. 1994: 39), perhaps emphasizing the Red Sea littoral as a distinctive cultural area rather than a barrier or route to somewhere else.

The caprines (a group that includes the goats, sheep and ibex) originated about 11 million years ago in either Africa or Europe, the earliest fossils coming from Africa and Greece.

Caprine

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