Like many Canadian-born Chinese (CBCs), Yao's parents are from Hong Kong. Brought up in multicultural Toronto, she, like other young CBCs, is stuck between two cultures.

According to most CBC students, Hong Kong Chinese were considered to be FOBs because they continued to partake in Hong Kong popular culture, and they were physically distinctive in terms of their Hong Kong styles of fashion.

ESLs felt that they were better than CBCs because of their perceived cultural "authenticity," their loyalty to the home country, and their detailed knowledge of a language and culture that was not Canadian. And CBCs felt that they were better than ESLs because they had adapted to Canadian culture, were more interested in the present as opposed to the perceived obsession that ESLs had with the past, and were more aware of North American popular culture, such as style and music.

This survey has successfully identified some causative patterns and risk factors for CBCs leaving bicultural Chinese churches, which indicate where preventative kinds of leadership measures can be taken. For example, the research revealed that the life stage when the majority leave is young adulthood; that most CBCs deliberated for a lengthy period of time, assessing their options, before exiting; and that follow-up with them appears to have been minimal or nonexistent.

Cbc

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