Bolsterless trailer bogies have been used, incorporating in the construction laminated springs mounted on the axle boxes, and steel helical springs with auxiliary rubbers, thus maintaining the high standard of springing of the swing bolster bogies.

In general, steel springs were stipulated for primary suspension, although rubber was accepted for auxiliary springing; hydraulic dampers were specified and the use of laminated springs ruled out.

The arch failed first at the crown, then at the quarterings, and finally at the springings. After demolition the girders for half the new structure were erected on bedstones already built on the abutments behind the springings of the old arch.

Springing

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