Statistics is the only mathematical field required for many social sciences.

As for statistics, the foundations include, on any interpretation of which I have ever heard, the foundations of probability, as controversial a subject as one could name. As in other sciences, controversies over the foundations of statistics reflect themselves to some extent in everyday practice, nut not nearly so catastrophically as one might imagine.[…]It is hard to judge, however, to what extent the relative calm of modern statistics is due to its domination by a vigorous school relatively well agreed within itself about the foundations.

2004, David C. LeBlanc, Statistics: Concepts and Applications for Science, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, page 61,
The application of statistics in the process of science can be divided into three parts: (1) obtaining data (experiment and sampling design), (2) summarizing and describing data (exploratory data analysis, descriptive statistics), and (3) using data from samples and experiments to make estimates and test competing hypotheses about the universe (inferential statistics).

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

The statistics from the Census for apportionment are available.

Sufficient statistics for a given estimation problem are a collection of statistics or, equivalently, a collection of functions of the random sample, that summarize or represent all of the information in a random sample that is useful for estimating any textbf q(! boldsymbol Θ!).

Statistics

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